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The skin changes are among the most visible signs of aging. Evidence of increasing age include wrinkles and flaccid skin. The graying of hair is another obvious sign of aging.
The skin does many things. Protects an environment, helps control body temperature and balance of fluids and electrolytes and also contains many nerve receptors that allow one to perceive sensations such as touch, pain and pressure.
Although skin has many layers, in general can be divided into three main parts:
The outside (epidermis) contains skin cells, pigment and protein.
The middle part (dermis) contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and provides nutrients to the epidermis.

The inner layer under the dermis (the subcutaneous layer) contains sweat glands, some hair follicles, blood vessels and fat. Each layer also contains connective tissue with collagen fibers to give support and elastin fibers to provide flexibility and strength.

The skin changes are related to environmental factors, genetic constitution, nutrition and other factors, but the single most important factor is sun exposure. This can be seen by comparing the areas of the body that have regular sun exposure with areas that are protected from sunlight.

Natural pigments seem to provide some protection against skin damage induced by the sun. People with blue eyes and white skin show more skin changes with aging that people with dark skin and heavily pigmented.

CHANGES FOR THE AGING

With aging, the outer layer of skin (epidermis) becomes thinner, although the number of cell layers remains unchanged.

The number of cells containing pigment (melanocytes) decreases, but the remaining melanocytes increase in size, so the skin appears thinner, more pale and translucent. Large pigmented spots (called by the age spots, liver spots or lentigo) may appear on sun-exposed areas.

Changes in the connective tissue reduce the strength and elasticity of the skin. This is known as elastosis and is especially pronounced in sun-exposed areas (solar elastosis). This condition produces the look tough, damaged by weathering, common in farmers, fishermen and others who spend much time outdoors.

Blood vessels of the dermis become more fragile, which in turn leads to bruising, bleeding under the skin, capillary hemangiomas and similar ailments.

The sebaceous glands produce less oil as one ages. Men experience a minimal decrease, usually after 80 years of age, while women produce less oil gradually after menopause. This may make it more difficult to retain moisture, causing dryness and itching.

The subcutaneous fat layer, which provides isolation and damping becomes thinner, increasing the risk of damaging the skin and reducing the ability to maintain body temperature. Because it is a less natural insulation in cold weather may be hypothermia.

Some medications are absorbed by the fat layer and the loss of this layer changes the way these medicines act.

The sweat glands produce less sweat. This makes it more difficult to keep cool and get to have a higher risk of overheating or suffering heatstroke.

Cutaneous neoplasms such as papillomas, warts and other blemishes are common in older people.

EFFECT OF CHANGES

As one gets older, increases the risk of subsequent skin lesions. The skin is thinner, more fragile and loses its protective layer of subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, it can decrease the ability to feel touch, pressure, vibration, heat and cold. In this way, the skin is at high risk of injury.
Pulling or rubbing the skin can cause skin tears, and fragile blood vessels can break easily. Can form accumulations of blood and bruises plane (purple) and high (hematomas), even after a minor injury.
This is mainly on the outer surface of the forearms, but can occur in any other body part. Changes in the skin and subcutaneous fat loss combined with the tendency to be less active, like some other diseases and nutritional deficiencies contribute to the occurrence of decubitus ulcers.
The skin itself is repaired more slowly than younger skin. The healing of a wound can be up to 4 times slower, which contributes to the generation of decubitus ulcers and infections. Diabetes, changes in blood vessels, decreased immunity, and similar factors also affect healing.

COMMON PROBLEMS

Skin disorders are so common in older adults is often difficult to distinguish from normal changes that are associated with a disease. Over 90% of all older adults have some form of disorder of the skin.
Skin disorders may be caused by many diseases like diabetes, liver disease, heart and vascular diseases as atherosclerosis. Other causes may be stress, reactions to medications, obesity and nutritional deficiencies.
The climate, exposure to industrial chemicals and domestic heating in the house, clothing, allergies to plants and other allergies, as do many other common exposures can also cause skin changes.
Sunlight can cause elastosis (loss of elasticity) Keratoacanthoma (non-cancerous skin tumors), thickening of the skin, pigment changes such as spots by the age and other ailments.
Similarly, exposure to sunlight has also been linked with skin cancers, including basal cell epithelioma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

PREVENTION

Because most skin changes are related to sun exposure, prevention is a lifelong process.

• Avoid sunburn to the extent possible
• Use a good quality sunscreen when outdoors, even in winter
• Wear protective clothing and hats when needed

Good nutrition and adequate fluids are also helpful, since dehydration increases the risk of skin lesion. Sometimes minor nutritional deficiencies can cause rashes, skin lesions and other skin changes even without the presence of other symptoms.

Keep your skin moisturized with lotions and soaps do not wear much perfume. We do not recommend the use of bath oils, as it can make you slip and fall.

Moisturized skin is more comfortable and may heal better.